Biota of New Ingerland/Birds

< Biota of New Ingerland

The Moonshine Archipelago is dominated by species from the taxonomic class Aves - otherwise known as birds. Birds are thought to have inhabited the islands since they were formed 40 million years ago.

The archipelago is noted for the number of unique species of bird that can be found on the islands - a significant number of whom are flightless.

Key

     Denotes introduced species.

Orders

Order(s): Accipitriformes and Falconiformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Guelph's Eagle (Aquila guelphii)	All islands
	Kāhu (Circus approximans)	All islands

Order: Anseriformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Kuruwhengi (Spatula rhynchotis)	All major islands
	Wāna (Cygnus sumnerensis)	All islands

Order: Apterygiformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Northern Kiwi (Apteryx aquilonius)	Lunen Island, Brunswich Island
	Southern Kiwi (Apteryx antarcticus)	Kiranēna Island

Order(s): Caprimulgiformes and Strigiformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Ruru (Ninox leucopsis)	All islands
	Tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides)	All islands

Order: Charadriiformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Pohowera (Charadrius bicinctus)	Coastal areas and adjacent off shore islands
	Tūturiwhatu (Charadrius obscurus)	Tidal estuaries
	Wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis)	Tidal estuaries

Order(s): Columbiformes and Galliformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae)	Wooded islands north of 52°30'S.
	Parea (Hemiphaga chathamensis)	Wooded islands south of 52°30'S.
	Rock dove (Columba livia)	Urban and agricultural areas	Introduced 1850s. Considered a pest.

Order: Coraciiformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Blue-winged kingfisher (Dacelo leachii)	Brunswich Island	Non-native	Introduced in the 1860s
	Kōtare (Todiramphus sanctus)	All islands.		Migrates northward in winter.

Order: Cuculiformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Pīpīwharauroa (Chrysococcyx lucidus)	All islands.		Migrates northward in winter.

Order: Gruiformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Buff-banded rail (Gallirallus philippensis)	All islands
	Takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri)	Numerous smaller offshore islands + (tbd)
	Weka (Gallirallus australis)	Numerous smaller offshore islands + (tbd)

Order: Passeriformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Bell-magpie (Coracias lathamii)	Brunswich Island	Non-native	Introduced from mainland Kartumia in the 1860s. Now considered an invasive species.
	Huia (Heteralocha acutirostris)	All islands
	Korimako (Anthornis melanura)	Lowland and mid-altitude native forests
	Mudlark (Gracula picata)	All islands
	Pipipi (Mohoua novaeseelandiae)	Distribution by ecoregion 🌺 Ecoregion I: Far North 🌿 Ecoregion II: Northern Slopes 🌦 Ecoregion V: Windward Coast ☀ Ecoregion VI: Leeward Coast		Lowland and mid-altitude native forests
	Pīwakawaka (Rhipidura fuliginosa)	Distribution by ecoregion 🌺 Ecoregion I: Far North 🌿 Ecoregion II: Northern Slopes 🌄 Ecoregion III: Central Plateau 🌦 Ecoregion V: Windward Coast ☀ Ecoregion VI: Leeward Coast
	Pōpokotea (Mohoua albicilla)	Distribution by ecoregion 🌺 Ecoregion I: Far North 🌿 Ecoregion II: Northern Slopes
	Riroriro (Gerygone igata)	Distribution by ecoregion 🌺 Ecoregion I: Far North 🌿 Ecoregion II: Northern Slopes 🌦 Ecoregion V: Windward Coast ☀ Ecoregion VI: Leeward Coast 🌋 Ecoregion VII: Calen Islands		Lowland and mid-altitude woodland
	Tīeke (Philesturnus rufusater)	Lowland and coastal forests
	Tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae)	Lowland and mid-altitude native forests, remnant woodland, urban areas

Order(s): Pelecaniformes and Suliformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Kāruhiruhi (Phalacrocorax varius)	Coastal rivers and lakes
	Kōtuku (Ardea modesta)	Coastal and adjacent waters north of 52°30'S.
	Reef heron (Egretta sacra)	New Ingerland: 🌺 Ecoregion I: Far North 🌿 Ecoregion II: Northern Slopes ☀ Ecoregion VI: Leeward Coast 🌦 Ecoregion V: Windward Coast

Order: Procellariiformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Toroa (Diomedea sanfordi)	Offshore islands (tbd)

Order: Psittaciformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Kākā (Nestor meridionalis)	Lowland and mid-altitude native forests
	Kea (Nestor notabilis)	Upland forests and subalpine scrublands

Order: Sphenisciformes

Species		Distribution	Conservation status	Notes
	Hoiho (Megadyptes antipodes)	Coke Archipelago, Kiranēna Island and surrounds
	Kororā (Eudyptula minor)	All coastal and adjacent waters
	Tawaki (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus)	Kiranēna Island and surrounds