Railway signalling in New Ingrea

Railway signalling forms an essential part of the rail transport system in New Ingrea. The national signalling scheme follows almost completely the practice inherited from the Ingrea, with some modifications and influences from elsewhere.

Light signalling

Light signals in New Ingrea are used on the trunk lines, some branch lines, and all of the commuter railway lines in Kingsbury and Port Frederick.

Running signals

New Ingrea light signalling running signal displays consist of one indication above a marker lamp. The indication potentially displays one of three colours– red, yellow, or green. Colour aspects are mounted Green over Yellow over Red. If the particular track configuration does not require either the Green or Yellow indication then that lamp is not fitted. Distant signals are normally only fitted with Yellow and Green aspects. Signal numbers are displayed as white numbers on a black plate, and controlled signal numbers are prefixed by a two letter code defining the relevant control centre.

Three aspect signals

Image	Indication	Meaning
	STOP	The signal must not be passed.
	CAUTION	Proceed; the next signal may be at stop.
	MEDIUM	Proceed; the next signal displays at least a CAUTION or CAUTION TURNOUT indication.
	CLEAR	Proceed.
	SLOW 20	Proceed at a speed of no more than 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) until the next signal is passed.

Two aspect signals

Two aspect signals take one of four possible configurations: green over red, yellow over red, white over red, or yellow over green. Each has a particular set of functions it may be used for, and they can be found in a variety of places including; marshalling yards, to starting signals, to indicating the end of signalled territory. In addition to their colour aspect, these signals can be differentiated by the shape of the signal light. Distant signals for example, have a flat bottom, whilst starting signals use a rounded bottom.

Image	Indication	Meaning

Turnout indicators

Turnout indicators are used identify the route which has been set for the passage of a train. Examples of where they can be found include marshalling yards, and on main lines when entering a loop, siding, or branch line.

Image	Indication	Meaning
	ADVANCE TURNOUT	CAUTION, the next signal is set to to a diverging route
	TURNOUT CLEAR	CAUTION, slow for turnout after signal; expect next signal to be CLEAR
	TURNOUT MEDIUM	CAUTION, slow for turnout after signal; expect next signal to also be at CAUTION
	TURNOUT CAUTION	CAUTION, slow for turnout after signal; expect next signal to be at STOP

Repeaters

In certain circumstances, a repeater signal may be provided at some locations to give better information about the indication of the next signal, which be obscured by terrain or other rail infrastructure. A repeater signal will not necessarily display the actual indication of the next signal, unless that signal is set to the stop aspect.

Image	Indication	Meaning
	STOP	The next signal is set to STOP.
	PROCEED	The next signal is set to at least the CAUTION aspect.

Shunt signals

Shunt signals are used in and around stations and marshalling yards. They take on three different forms, with a specific type chosen depending on the function they serve, or because of special local conditions.

Image	Indication	Meaning
Two-aspect signals
	STOP	The signal must not be passed.
	PROCEED	Proceed at restricted speed (15 miles per hour (24 km/h))
Three-aspect signals
	STOP	The signal must not be passed.
	PROCEED	Proceed at restricted speed (15 miles per hour (24 km/h))
Leading signals
	STOP	The signal must not be passed.
	PROCEED	Proceed at restricted speed (15 miles per hour (24 km/h))

Semaphore signalling

Although they have been mostly replaced on main lines, semaphore signals can still be found on some branch lines where traffic is very light, or on tourist lines where they form part of the line's heritage. Semaphores take on two forms; home and distant. They can be differentiated by the colour of their arms. All semaphore signals in New Ingrea are of the upper quadrant, having supplanted the lower quadrant by the 1930s as a consequence of the Stonybrook rail disaster.

Home signals

Image	Indication	Meaning
	STOP	The signal must not be passed.
	CLEAR	Proceed

Distant signals

Image	Indication	Meaning
	CAUTION	Proceed; the next signal will be at STOP.
	CLEAR	Proceed

Track-side signs and notices

Speed signs

• Announcement of speed restrictions
• 

  Advance speed warning (in mph)

• 

  Advance speed warning with AWS in-cab repeater

• Enactment of speed restrictions
• 

  Begin limited speed zone

• 

  End of limited speed zone (Resume normal speed)

Railway crossing signs

• 

  Whistleboard

• 

  Level crossing ahead

• 

  Box controlled gate ahead